![]() He lays out his plans to liberate them from his former mistress, predicting that she will strongly resist. army, wrote to his children while hospitalized in St. ![]() Spotswood Rice, wounded while fighting in the U.S. From later evaluations of the battle, Douglass's statement that "our men fought well" is an understatement. Writing to his wife, Douglass describes the battle that killed the commander and 250 other men. 54th Massachusetts Colored Infantry, a black regiment with a white commander that led a failed but praised assault on a South Carolina fort in 1863. Lewis Douglass, a son of Frederick Douglass, served as a sergeant in the U.S. As soon as the Union army was close, however, Simms escaped and volunteered with the Yankees until the war ended, when he returned to his former slaveholder's home and worked for him, for wages. As was true for most slaves in the Confederate army, Simms was sent by his slaveholder to fulfill a quota. From the interviews with former slaves compiled by the Works Progress Administration (WPA) in the 1930s come these eight selections from African Americans who served as soldiers or military laborers in the Civil War-four with the Union army, four with the Confederate army, and one man, Bill Simms, who served with both sides. In this section we shift our view to the collective experience of African American soldiers and their families in the Civil War-soldiers in battle, parents separated from children, slaves sent to labor with Confederate units, and servicemen having their portraits taken in uniform. ![]() In Theme IV: IDENTITY, we considered how military service in the American Revolution and the Civil War affected African American identity, i.e., black men's sense of themselves within white society, while fighting wars for freedom.
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